Gerard2009 - An Integrated Mammalian Cell Cycle Model

BIOMD0000000730

We propose an integrated computational model for the network of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) that controls the dynamics of the mammalian cell cycle. The model contains four Cdk modules regulated by reversible phosphorylation, Cdk inhibitors, and protein synthesis or degradation. Growth factors (GFs) trigger the transition from a quiescent, stable steady state to self-sustained oscillations in the Cdk network. These oscillations correspond to the repetitive, transient activation of cyclin D/Cdk4-6 in G(1), cyclin E/Cdk2 at the G(1)/S transition, cyclin A/Cdk2 in S and at the S/G(2) transition, and cyclin B/Cdk1 at the G(2)/M transition. The model accounts for the following major properties of the mammalian cell cycle: (i) repetitive cell cycling in the presence of suprathreshold amounts of GF; (ii) control of cell-cycle progression by the balance between antagonistic effects of the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma protein (pRB) and the transcription factor E2F; and (iii) existence of a restriction point in G(1), beyond which completion of the cell cycle becomes independent of GF. The model also accounts for endoreplication. Incorporating the DNA replication checkpoint mediated by kinases ATR and Chk1 slows down the dynamics of the cell cycle without altering its oscillatory nature and leads to better separation of the S and M phases. The model for the mammalian cell cycle shows how the regulatory structure of the Cdk network results in its temporal self-organization, leading to the repetitive, sequential activation of the four Cdk modules that brings about the orderly progression along cell-cycle phases.

Max Y

pRB
pRBp
pRBpp
E2F
E2Fp
pRBc1
pRBc2
Cd
Mdi
Md
Mdp27
Ce
Mei
Me
Skp2
Mep27
Pei
Pe
Ca
Mai
Ma
Map27
p27
p27p
Cdh1i
Cdh1a
Pai
Pa
Cb
Mbi
Mb
Mbp27
Cdc20i
Cdc20a
Pbi
Pb
Wee1
Wee1p
Pol
Cdc45
Primer
Chk1
ATR
AP1
Mw
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